Diabetes - Causes

§  Diabetes - Causes


§  TYPE 1 DIABETES: is caused by an auto-immune reaction (an inappropriate immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body), where the body's defense system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The pancreatic beta-cells are progressively destroyed by the immune system. As a result, the body can no longer produce the insulin it needs. The disease manifests, when less than 20% of the original beta-cell mass exists.

 

After initiation of insulin therapy, there is a temporary period of beta-cell recovery (“honey moon period”). The reason why this occurs is not fully understood. The number of people developing type 1 diabetes is increasing each year. The reasons for this are still unclear but may be due to changes in environmental risk factors, early events in the womb, diet early in life, or viral infections.

 

The disease can affect people of any age, but it usually occurs in children or young adults. In older patients (LADA = late onset of autoimmune diabetes in the adult), disease progression and manifestation can be slow.

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§  Diabetes - Causes

§  TYPE 2 DIABETES

 

In type 2 diabetes, the body is able to produce insulin but it is either not sufficient or the body is not responding to its effects, leading to a build-up of glucose in the blood.

§  GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS(GDM)

 

Women who are first diagnosed with diabetes during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes mellitus. In women who develop diabetes during pregnancy, it normally occurs later in pregnancy and arises because the body is unable to make and use enough insulin needed for pregnancy.

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